Edema is a medical term for a type of swelling characterized by fluid buildup in tissues. The exact incidence and prevalence are difficult to estimate due to the wide range of factors that can contribute to its development. Edema can occur in any part of the body, depending on the underlying causes, ranging from local swelling to generalized swelling1.
If untreated, edema can lead to infections, ulcers, cardiorenal syndrome, and, in some cases, increase the risk of mortality1.
Symptoms of edema include1:
Edema can be caused by different conditions like1-4,
Heart failure is a condition that occurs when the heart is not capable of pumping blood as expected. Major symptoms of heart failure include swelling in the lower extremities, difficulty in breathing and fatigue. Heart failure causes an increase in pressure inside the vein and leakage of fluid-electrolyte into space outside the blood vessels, leading to edema1
The kidneys play a crucial role in regulating the body's fluid balance and removing waste products from the blood. When the kidneys are not functioning properly they tend to accumulate fluid which leads to edema1.
Raising the affected limb above heart level for 30 minutes,three to four times a day, helps drain edema using gravity1
Qualified physiotherapists provide gentle massage to reduce swelling and inflammation1
Improves blood flow in the extremities using elastic stockings, gloves, wraps, or muscle pump activator (MPA) devices. This prevents blood pooling and fluid buildup in swollen areas1.
It reduces edema and is useful in the acute phase of managing edema1.
Salt restriction: Reducing salt intake to 5-6 grams/day decreases water retention without causing harm1.
Diuretics:Diuretics increase renal sodium, water excretion, and urine output, making them useful for managing edema. Loop diuretics (like Torsemide and Frusemide) are the first-line therapy for edema1.
A simple self-evaluation test can help assess the risk of systemic issues in patients with systemic diseases, which may impact long-term morbidity and mortality
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